Bahrain: Pearl of the Gulf

Bahrain, an island nation in the Persian Gulf, has a rich history as a pearling and trading center. Though the smallest Arab state, Bahrain has diversified its economy beyond oil and developed into a financial hub and liberal society by Gulf standards.

Bahrain's ancient Dilmun civilization was an important trading center 4,000 years ago. Pearling was the main industry until oil discovery. The Bahrain Grand Prix hosts Formula 1 racing in the desert. Manama, the capital, features modern skyline alongside traditional souqs. The Tree of Life, a 400-year-old tree in the desert, symbolizes resilience.

Bahrain is connected to Saudi Arabia by the King Fahd Causeway. The country has been more socially liberal than neighbors, though recent tensions between Sunni ruling family and Shia majority population create challenges. Bahrain's banking sector and aluminum production have reduced oil dependence. Cultural life includes traditional crafts and pearl diving heritage.