Bulgaria: Ancient Thrace and Rose Valley

Bulgaria, in Southeast Europe on the Black Sea, has a history spanning ancient Thracian civilizations, the medieval Bulgarian Empire, and Ottoman rule. Bulgarians uniquely nod their heads for "no" and shake them for "yes."

Bulgaria's Rose Valley produces most of the world's rose oil for perfumes. Bulgarian yogurt culture and probiotics have gained international recognition for health benefits. The Cyrillic alphabet originated from medieval Bulgarian scholars, spreading throughout Slavic Orthodox world.

Bulgaria's diverse landscapes include Black Sea beaches, mountain ski resorts, and ancient ruins. Sofia, nestled at the foot of Vitosha Mountain, blends Roman, Byzantine, and Soviet heritage. Since joining the EU, Bulgaria has modernized while maintaining traditions like elaborate folk costumes and distinctive music.