Ecuador: Middle of the Earth and Galápagos

Ecuador, named for the equator crossing its territory, is a small but extraordinarily diverse nation on South America's Pacific coast. The Galápagos Islands, 600 miles offshore, offer unique wildlife that inspired Darwin's evolution theory.

The Galápagos Islands feature species found nowhere else: giant tortoises, marine iguanas, blue-footed boobies, and fearless wildlife unafraid of humans. Ecuador's mainland encompasses coastal plains, Andean highlands with volcanoes, and Amazon rainforest. Quito, the capital at 9,350 feet, is one of the world's highest capitals with beautiful colonial architecture.

Ecuador's indigenous cultures, particularly highland Quichua communities, maintain traditional ways while participating in modern economy. Ecuador uses the US dollar as currency, aiding economic stability. The nation's biodiversity per square mile ranks among world's highest, making it a paradise for nature lovers and scientists.