Kazakhstan: Steppe and Space

Kazakhstan, the world's largest landlocked country, spans vast Central Asian steppes. Once part of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan has developed into the region's economic leader with significant oil, gas, and mineral resources.

The Baikonur Cosmodrome, leased to Russia, launched Yuri Gagarin into space and remains a major space launch facility. Kazakhstan's diverse geography includes deserts, steppes, mountains, and the shrinking Aral Sea (environmental disaster). The capital, Nur-Sultan (formerly Astana), features futuristic architecture symbolizing Kazakhstan's ambitions.

Kazakh culture reflects nomadic traditions, with emphasis on hospitality, horsemanship, and traditional yurt dwellings. The Golden Man warrior statue symbolizes national pride. Kazakhstan has maintained relative stability since independence in 1991, with economic growth from natural resources. The country bridges Europe and Asia culturally and geographically, maintaining relationships with Russia, China, and the West.